{"generatedAt":"2026-11-07T18:16:41.602Z","status":"review-ready","summary":{"ragaCount":31,"comparisonPairCount":19,"checklistItemCount":5,"worksheetCount":31,"expertReviewedCount":0},"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}],"ragas":[{"slug":"yaman","name":"Yaman","thaat":"Kalyan","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"Peaceful and tranquil","summary":"Yaman belongs to the Kalyan family and suits beginners and experienced performers alike. Its ascent usually starts on lower Ni, Ga and Ni are held, and Pa is a resting point.","learnerFocus":"Start rising phrases from lower Ni. Hold Ga and Ni, and let phrases rest on Pa.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":".Ni Re Ga Ma(tivra) Pa Dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma(tivra) Ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ma(tivra) Dha Ni Re \\ Dha Sa; Ni Re Ga Ma(tivra) Pa \\ Re Ga; Re Ga Ma(tivra) \\ Re Ma(tivra) Ga; Ga Ma(tivra) Dha Ni Dha Pa","vadi":"Ga","samvadi":"Ni","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"AUTRIM notes that the direct descent leaves out Sa and Pa, though Sa and Pa can still end rising phrases."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the phrase Ni Re Ga Ma(tivra) Pa slowly and let it rest on Pa.","Sing Ma(tivra) Dha Ni Re, then glide down to Dha and end on Sa.","AUTRIM says a direct descent leaves out Sa and Pa. Sing a descent from Ni that skips them."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-yaman","title":"Yaman: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/yaman/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"NIOS-NP1","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Practical Book 2, Chapter 1: Chota Khayal","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusicpracticalbook2/ch_HMB2-1.pdf","accessNote":"Government open-schooling course book with raag profiles (Raga Parichay). Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-yaman","title":"Raag Yaman","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/yaman","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-yaman","title":"Raga Yaman","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/yaman.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"KALASUDHA-yaman","title":"Raag Yaman: Thaat, Time & Notes | KalaSudha","publisher":"KalaSudha","url":"https://kalasudha.com/raga/yaman","accessNote":"Public raga page. robots.txt allows this public path and excludes authenticated application paths; terms reviewed at /en-in/terms-conditions. All rights reserved: factual fields are cited, prose is paraphrased, fetched text retained for local audit only. No verbatim copying of the recorded core-field context was found in the compared already-used sources or KKSongs; attribution uncertainty is not a claim of original scholarship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"KalaSudha"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-yaman","title":"Different Kinds of Ragas by Scale (thaat) - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales3.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"SWARANJALI-PRAVESHIKA1","title":"Praveshika Pratham: Syllabus and Theory / Raag Introductions","publisher":"Swaranjali Music School","url":"https://www.swaranjalimusicschool.com/Prarambhik/Exam-Info-Syllabus-PraveshikaPratham.pdf","accessNote":"Open school syllabus; robots.txt returned 404 and no restrictive terms link was found on the inspected school homepage. Copyright belongs to the school/Anjali Nandedkar: factual fields are cited; prose is paraphrased; original PDF and rendered pages are local audit evidence only. Music uses a custom Latin font: ladder rawValue retains the extracted glyph codes, while normalized values were checked against rendered pages. Superscript grace notes are parenthesized in value; the source’s dot and vertical-bar octave symbols are read using its own notation guide (Praveshika PDF pp.10–11). Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Swaranjali Music School"},{"id":"PRABHATASAMGIITA-ICM","title":"Indian Classical Music in Prabhāta Saṃgiita, by Kirit","publisher":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)","url":"https://prabhatasamgiita.net/indianclassical.html","accessNote":"Public teaching article. robots.txt returned 404, with no restrictive terms link found in the inspected page. No open licence assumed: cite factual fields, paraphrase prose; text is local audit evidence. The article explicitly defines lowercase re/ga/dha/ni as komal and lowercase ma as tivra; single trailing prime is lower octave, double quote is upper. Printed apparent musical errors are not corrected. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-yaman","title":"Yaman | SRGMPDNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/yaman/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"AUTRIM-yaman-kalyan","title":"Yaman Kalyan: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/yaman-kalyan/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"bhairav","name":"Bhairav","thaat":"Bhairav","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"early morning (first prahar of the day, about 6–9 am)","mood":"Peaceful, devotional and melancholy","summary":"Bhairav is restrained and devotional. Komal Re and komal Dha are sung with slow oscillation. The ascent can be direct, though some performers leave out Re and Pa going up.","learnerFocus":"Oscillate slowly on komal Re and komal Dha. Sa, Ma and Pa are also held.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa re Ga Ma Pa dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni dha Pa Ma Ga re Sa","pakad":"Ga Ma \\ re ~ ~ Sa; Ma Pa Ga Ma dha ~ Pa","vadi":"dha","samvadi":"re","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Kalingda uses nearly the same notes but has no oscillation on Re or Dha. Ramkali adds tivra Ma and sometimes komal Ni."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Ga Ma, glide down to komal Re, and oscillate it slowly before Sa.","Sing Ma Pa Ga Ma dha, oscillate komal Dha, and rest on Pa.","Sing the ascent once in full, then once leaving out Re and Pa, as some performers do."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-bhairav","title":"Bhairav: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/bhairav/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"NIOS-NP1","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Practical Book 2, Chapter 1: Chota Khayal","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusicpracticalbook2/ch_HMB2-1.pdf","accessNote":"Government open-schooling course book with raag profiles (Raga Parichay). Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-bhairav","title":"Raag Bhairav","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/bhairav","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-bhairav","title":"Raga Bhairava","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/bhairava.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"SWARANJALI-MADHYAMA2","title":"Syllabus and Theory: Madhyama Poorna (Anjali Nandedkar)","publisher":"Swaranjali Music School","url":"https://www.swaranjalimusicschool.com/madhyamaa2/Syllabus-Theory-MadhyamaPoorna.pdf","accessNote":"Open school syllabus; robots.txt returned 404 and no restrictive terms link was found on the inspected school homepage. Copyright belongs to the school/Anjali Nandedkar: factual fields are cited; prose is paraphrased; original PDF and rendered pages are local audit evidence only. Music uses a custom Latin font: ladder rawValue retains the extracted glyph codes, while normalized values were checked against rendered pages. Superscript grace notes are parenthesized in value; the source’s dot and vertical-bar octave symbols are read using its own notation guide (Praveshika PDF pp.10–11). Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Swaranjali Music School"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-bhairav","title":"Bhairav | SrGmPdNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/bhairav/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"bhoopali","name":"Bhupali","thaat":"Kalyan","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"Serious","summary":"Bhupali uses five notes: Sa, Re, Ga, Pa and Dha. It develops mostly in the lower and middle registers. Its ascent and descent are direct, but approaches from above and descending glides give it its character.","learnerFocus":"Listen for Re, Ga and Dha approached from above, and for glides joining Ga and Dha on the way down.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Dha Pa Ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ga Re \\ Dha Sa; Ga Re Pa \\ Ga","vadi":"Ga","samvadi":"Dha","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"caution":"Deshkar has the same notes going up and down, but it stresses Pa and Dha, keeps Re weak and moves in a higher register."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa' and back down without adding Ma or Ni.","Sing Ga Re, glide down to Dha, and come back to Sa.","Deshkar uses the same notes but stresses Pa and Dha and moves higher. Sing a Bhupali phrase low and slow, then the same notes higher with Re kept weak."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"deshkar","label":"Deshkar","reason":"AUTRIM gives Bhupali and Deshkar the same basic scale; their treatment differs in note emphasis, register and glides."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-bhupali","title":"Bhupali: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/bhupali/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"NIOS-NP1","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Practical Book 2, Chapter 1: Chota Khayal","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusicpracticalbook2/ch_HMB2-1.pdf","accessNote":"Government open-schooling course book with raag profiles (Raga Parichay). Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-bhoopali","title":"Raag Bhoopali","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/bhoopali","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-bhoopali","title":"Raga Bhupali","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/bhupali.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-bhoopali","title":"Different Kinds of Ragas by Scale (thaat) - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales3.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"SWARANJALI-PRAVESHIKA1","title":"Praveshika Pratham: Syllabus and Theory / Raag Introductions","publisher":"Swaranjali Music School","url":"https://www.swaranjalimusicschool.com/Prarambhik/Exam-Info-Syllabus-PraveshikaPratham.pdf","accessNote":"Open school syllabus; robots.txt returned 404 and no restrictive terms link was found on the inspected school homepage. Copyright belongs to the school/Anjali Nandedkar: factual fields are cited; prose is paraphrased; original PDF and rendered pages are local audit evidence only. Music uses a custom Latin font: ladder rawValue retains the extracted glyph codes, while normalized values were checked against rendered pages. Superscript grace notes are parenthesized in value; the source’s dot and vertical-bar octave symbols are read using its own notation guide (Praveshika PDF pp.10–11). Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Swaranjali Music School"},{"id":"AUTRIM-deshkar","title":"Deshkar: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/deshkar/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-bhoopali","title":"Bhupali | SRGPDS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/bhupali/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"kafi","name":"Kafi","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"midnight (third prahar of the night, about 12–3 am)","mood":"Playful (shringar)","summary":"Kafi is heard in dhrupad and in thumri, dadra and tappa, and less often in khayal. Its movements are fairly direct. Komal Ga and komal Ni are main notes, and Re and Pa are resting notes.","learnerFocus":"Treat komal Ga and komal Ni as main notes and Re and Pa as resting points. Komal Ga may be oscillated.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re ga Ma Pa Dha ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma ga Re Sa","pakad":"Re ga Re Ma Ma Pa; ga - Ma Pa Ma Pa; Dha Ma ni Pa ga Re; Sa ni \\ Pa ga Re","vadi":"Pa","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Lighter performances may add shuddha Ga. Keep that apart from Kafi's core notes."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the ascent Sa Re ga Ma Pa Dha ni Sa' slowly and name each komal note.","Sing Re ga Re Ma Ma Pa and pause on Pa.","Lighter performances may add shuddha Ga. Listen for it in a thumri recording and keep it apart from the core notes."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-kafi","title":"Kafi: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/kafi/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"SPMVV-MAMUD4-1-S5-4","title":"MAMUD4.1 Research and Contemporary Music, Musicologists, §5.4 THAAT SYSTEM","publisher":"Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam","url":"https://spmvv.ac.in/ddefiles/ugcproposals/2025/05/MAMUD4_1_Research_and_Contemporary_Music_Musicologists.pdf","accessNote":"University course material listing raags under each thaat (printed pp.41–42). All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SPMVV"},{"id":"NIOS-NP1","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Practical Book 2, Chapter 1: Chota Khayal","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusicpracticalbook2/ch_HMB2-1.pdf","accessNote":"Government open-schooling course book with raag profiles (Raga Parichay). Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"ARTIUM-kafi","title":"Raag Kafi","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/kafi","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-kafi","title":"Raga Kafi","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/kafi.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-kafi","title":"Kafi | SRgmPDnS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/kafi/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"SWARANJALI-PRAVESHIKA1","title":"Praveshika Pratham: Syllabus and Theory / Raag Introductions","publisher":"Swaranjali Music School","url":"https://www.swaranjalimusicschool.com/Prarambhik/Exam-Info-Syllabus-PraveshikaPratham.pdf","accessNote":"Open school syllabus; robots.txt returned 404 and no restrictive terms link was found on the inspected school homepage. Copyright belongs to the school/Anjali Nandedkar: factual fields are cited; prose is paraphrased; original PDF and rendered pages are local audit evidence only. Music uses a custom Latin font: ladder rawValue retains the extracted glyph codes, while normalized values were checked against rendered pages. Superscript grace notes are parenthesized in value; the source’s dot and vertical-bar octave symbols are read using its own notation guide (Praveshika PDF pp.10–11). Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Swaranjali Music School"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-kafi","title":"Different Kinds of Ragas by Structure - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales2.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"bageshri","name":"Bageshri","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"midnight (third prahar of the night, about 12–3 am)","mood":"Captivating","summary":"Bageshri leaves room for long elaboration. Sa and Ma are strong and Dha is held. Pa is left out going up and used sparingly coming down, and komal Ga and komal Ni may be oscillated.","learnerFocus":"Lean on Ma and Sa. Oscillate komal Ga and komal Ni, and keep Pa out of the ascent.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa ga Ma Dha ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Ma Pa Dha ga Ma ga Re Sa","pakad":"Dha ni Sa / Ma - ga ~ Re Sa; Ma Pa Dha \\ ga ~ Re - Sa","vadi":"Ma","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Pa may be left out in fast passages. Older accounts used shuddha Ni; today komal Ni is described."},"studyPrompts":["Sing a rising phrase without Pa, then hold Ma.","Sing Dha ni Sa, glide up to Ma, and oscillate komal Ga before Re Sa.","Notice how rarely Pa appears in the descent, especially in fast passages."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-bageshri","title":"Bageshri: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/bageshri/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"ARTIUM-bageshree","title":"Raag Bageshree","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/bageshree","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"IGNOU-BSKS-185-U2","title":"BSKS-185 संस्कृत छन्द और संगीत, Block 1, Unit 2 भारतीय संगीत का परिचय","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/98769/1/Unit-2.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU BSKS-185"},{"id":"KKSONGS-bageshri","title":"Bagesri","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/bagesri.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"KALASUDHA-bageshri","title":"Raag Bageshri: Thaat, Time & Notes | KalaSudha","publisher":"KalaSudha","url":"https://kalasudha.com/raga/bageshri","accessNote":"Public raga page. robots.txt allows this public path and excludes authenticated application paths; terms reviewed at /en-in/terms-conditions. All rights reserved: factual fields are cited, prose is paraphrased, fetched text retained for local audit only. No verbatim copying of the recorded core-field context was found in the compared already-used sources or KKSongs; attribution uncertainty is not a claim of original scholarship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"KalaSudha"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-bageshri","title":"Different Kinds of Ragas by Scale (thaat) - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales3.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"SWARANJALI-PRAVESHIKA1","title":"Praveshika Pratham: Syllabus and Theory / Raag Introductions","publisher":"Swaranjali Music School","url":"https://www.swaranjalimusicschool.com/Prarambhik/Exam-Info-Syllabus-PraveshikaPratham.pdf","accessNote":"Open school syllabus; robots.txt returned 404 and no restrictive terms link was found on the inspected school homepage. Copyright belongs to the school/Anjali Nandedkar: factual fields are cited; prose is paraphrased; original PDF and rendered pages are local audit evidence only. Music uses a custom Latin font: ladder rawValue retains the extracted glyph codes, while normalized values were checked against rendered pages. Superscript grace notes are parenthesized in value; the source’s dot and vertical-bar octave symbols are read using its own notation guide (Praveshika PDF pp.10–11). Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Swaranjali Music School"},{"id":"PRABHATASAMGIITA-ICM","title":"Indian Classical Music in Prabhāta Saṃgiita, by Kirit","publisher":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)","url":"https://prabhatasamgiita.net/indianclassical.html","accessNote":"Public teaching article. robots.txt returned 404, with no restrictive terms link found in the inspected page. No open licence assumed: cite factual fields, paraphrase prose; text is local audit evidence. The article explicitly defines lowercase re/ga/dha/ni as komal and lowercase ma as tivra; single trailing prime is lower octave, double quote is upper. Printed apparent musical errors are not corrected. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-bageshri","title":"Bageshri | SRgmPDnS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/bageshri/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"darbari-kanada","name":"Darbari Kanada","thaat":"Asavari","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna (vakra)","time":"midnight (third prahar of the night, about 12–3 am)","mood":"Serious and majestic","summary":"Darbari Kanada unfolds slowly in the lower and middle registers. It can rise directly, but its descent is oblique, and slow oscillations on komal Ga and komal Dha are characteristic.","learnerFocus":"Listen for slow, subtle oscillations on komal Ga and komal Dha.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re ga Ma Pa dha ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' dha ni Pa Ma Pa ga Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Sa \\ dha ~ ni \\ Pa; Ma ga ~ Ma \\ Re - Sa","vadi":"Re","samvadi":"Pa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Adana and Kaunsi Kanada use the same notes but move differently and have a different character."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa, glide down to komal Dha and oscillate it, then move through komal Ni down to Pa.","Sing Ma ga with an oscillation on komal Ga, return to Ma, glide down to Re, and end on Sa.","Adana and Kaunsi Kanada use the same notes. Listen for how they move differently from Darbari's slow, low phrases."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-darbari-kanada","title":"Darbari Kanada: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/darbari-kanada/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-darbari-kanada","title":"Raag Darbari Kanada","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/darbari-kanada","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-darbari-kanada","title":"Raga Darbari Kanhara","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/darbari.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"PRABHATASAMGIITA-ICM","title":"Indian Classical Music in Prabhāta Saṃgiita, by Kirit","publisher":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)","url":"https://prabhatasamgiita.net/indianclassical.html","accessNote":"Public teaching article. robots.txt returned 404, with no restrictive terms link found in the inspected page. No open licence assumed: cite factual fields, paraphrase prose; text is local audit evidence. The article explicitly defines lowercase re/ga/dha/ni as komal and lowercase ma as tivra; single trailing prime is lower octave, double quote is upper. Printed apparent musical errors are not corrected. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-darbari-kanada","title":"Raga Families (raagang) & Compound Ragas (jod raag) - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales4.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-darbari-kanada","title":"Darbari | SRgmPdnS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/darbari/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"bhairavi","name":"Bhairavi","thaat":"Bhairavi","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"early morning (first prahar of the day, about 6–9 am)","mood":"Romantic/seductive through devotional; especially sadness of separation, depending on the song","summary":"In its strict form, Bhairavi uses four komal notes: Re, Ga, Dha and Ni. AUTRIM says this strict form is now rarely performed, and common and lighter versions add other notes. Musicians often close a concert with Bhairavi.","learnerFocus":"Learn the four-komal-note core first, then notice mixed versions that add shuddha Re and other notes.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa re ga Ma Pa dha ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni dha Pa Ma ga re Sa","pakad":"Sa ga - Ma Pa Ma ga Ma re Sa; ga Ma Pa dha Pa; Ma ga - Sa re Sa","vadi":"Ma","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Extra notes depend on the style: both forms of Re are common, tivra Ma and shuddha Dha appear in lighter forms, and shuddha Ni may appear in instrumental music."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the ascent Sa re ga Ma Pa dha ni Sa' using only komal Re, Ga, Dha and Ni.","Sing Sa ga Ma Pa Ma ga Ma re Sa slowly.","In a light-classical recording, mark every note outside the four-komal core."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"asavari","label":"Asavari (komal Re form)","reason":"Komal-Re Asavari shares notes and some movement, but forbids Bhairavi’s additional tones."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-bhairavi","title":"Bhairavi: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/bhairavi/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-bhairavi","title":"Raag Bhairavi","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/bhairavi","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-bhairavi","title":"Raga Bhairavi","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/bhairavi.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"KALASUDHA-bhairavi","title":"Raag Bhairavi: Thaat, Time & Notes | KalaSudha","publisher":"KalaSudha","url":"https://kalasudha.com/raga/bhairavi","accessNote":"Public raga page. robots.txt allows this public path and excludes authenticated application paths; terms reviewed at /en-in/terms-conditions. All rights reserved: factual fields are cited, prose is paraphrased, fetched text retained for local audit only. No verbatim copying of the recorded core-field context was found in the compared already-used sources or KKSongs; attribution uncertainty is not a claim of original scholarship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"KalaSudha"},{"id":"PRABHATASAMGIITA-ICM","title":"Indian Classical Music in Prabhāta Saṃgiita, by Kirit","publisher":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)","url":"https://prabhatasamgiita.net/indianclassical.html","accessNote":"Public teaching article. robots.txt returned 404, with no restrictive terms link found in the inspected page. No open licence assumed: cite factual fields, paraphrase prose; text is local audit evidence. The article explicitly defines lowercase re/ga/dha/ni as komal and lowercase ma as tivra; single trailing prime is lower octave, double quote is upper. Printed apparent musical errors are not corrected. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Prabhāta Saṃgiita (article by Kirit)"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-bhairavi","title":"Bhairavi | SrgmPdnS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/bhairavi/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-bhairavi","title":"Different Kinds of Ragas by Structure - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales2.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"pahadi","name":"Pahadi","thaat":"Bilawal","jati":"Audav core; variable mishra treatment","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"Playful and subtle; mishra can convey varied rasa","summary":"Pahadi has a five-note core of Sa, Re, Ga, Pa and Dha, with wide freedom to add other notes, especially in descending lines. Its playful ornaments and lower- and middle-register movement matter more than the core scale.","learnerFocus":"Hear Sa, Re, Ga, Pa and Dha as stopping notes, and tell the five-note core apart from mixed descending lines.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha (Ma(tivra)) Pa Ma Ga Re Sa (.ni) .Dha .Pa .Dha Sa","pakad":"Ga Pa Dha Sa; Dha Pa Ga ga Ga Sa","vadi":"Sa","samvadi":"Pa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"caution":"In mixed treatment any swara may appear. The five core notes are not a complete list of what is allowed."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the core frame Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa' and back down.","In a Pahadi song, note which phrases stop on the five core notes.","Mark any notes outside the core in a descending line. The source allows them in mixed treatment."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"bhoopali","label":"Bhupali","reason":"The core notes are the same; that does not mean the phrases are shared."},{"slug":"deshkar","label":"Deshkar","reason":"Listed as having the same core notes; that does not mean the phrases are shared."}],"sources":[{"id":"SWARGANGA-pahadi","title":"Pahadi","publisher":"SwarGanga Music Foundation","url":"https://www.swarganga.org/raags/148/Pahadi","accessNote":"Music foundation's raag profile. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SwarGanga"},{"id":"SUP1","title":"Pahadi","publisher":"Raga Junglism (George Howlett)","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/pahadi/","accessNote":"A practitioner's raag guide, used because the institutional sources we checked have no Pahadi profile. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line; paraphrased.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"KKSONGS-pahadi","title":"Pahadi","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/pahadi.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"KALASUDHA-pahadi","title":"Raag Pahadi: Thaat, Time & Notes | KalaSudha","publisher":"KalaSudha","url":"https://kalasudha.com/raga/pahadi","accessNote":"Public raga page. robots.txt allows this public path and excludes authenticated application paths; terms reviewed at /en-in/terms-conditions. All rights reserved: factual fields are cited, prose is paraphrased, fetched text retained for local audit only. No verbatim copying of the recorded core-field context was found in the compared already-used sources or KKSongs; attribution uncertainty is not a claim of original scholarship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"KalaSudha"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"RAAGHINDUSTANI-pahadi","title":"Different Kinds of Ragas by Structure - Raag Hindustani","publisher":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana","url":"https://raag-hindustani.com/Scales2.html","accessNote":"Public teaching chapter; robots.txt returned 404 (no directives). Terms reviewed at /TermsofUse.html, with no automation ban found. Copyright retained: cite the factual field, paraphrase prose; text and linked notation image are local audit evidence only. Staff images were visually checked. No vadi, samvadi or pakad is inferred from the teaching examples. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raag Hindustani / Sādhana"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"pilu","name":"Pilu","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"any time","mood":"playful (Shringar)","summary":"Pilu is closely tied to folk and lighter classical music. Shuddha Ga and Ni usually go up, komal Ga and Ni come down, and lower Ni is an important resting point.","learnerFocus":"Rest on lower Ni, and tell the two forms of Ga and Ni apart going up and coming down.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Ga Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma ga Re Sa .Ni Sa ga Re Sa","pakad":"ga Re Sa Ni Sa; Ni Sa Re ga - Sa ga Re Sa Ni -; Ga Ma Pa dha Pa Ma Pa ga Re","vadi":"ga","samvadi":"ni","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Dha","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Lighter forms can use all twelve notes. Keep that freedom apart from Pilu's main notes."},"studyPrompts":["Sing an upward phrase with shuddha Ga and Ni, then a downward phrase with komal Ga and Ni.","Sing the phrase ga Re Sa Ni Sa slowly.","In a Pilu recording, listen for phrases that come to rest on lower Ni."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"kirwani","label":"Kirwani","reason":"The Shuddh Pilu form with komal Ga/Dha and shuddha Re/Ni resembles Kirwani."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-pilu","title":"Pilu: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/pilu/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"SPMVV-MAMUD4-1-S5-4","title":"MAMUD4.1 Research and Contemporary Music, Musicologists, §5.4 THAAT SYSTEM","publisher":"Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam","url":"https://spmvv.ac.in/ddefiles/ugcproposals/2025/05/MAMUD4_1_Research_and_Contemporary_Music_Musicologists.pdf","accessNote":"University course material listing raags under each thaat (printed pp.41–42). All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SPMVV"},{"id":"ARTIUM-pilu","title":"Raag Pilu","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/pilu","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-pilu","title":"Pilu","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/pilu.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"KALASUDHA-pilu","title":"Raag Pilu: Thaat, Time & Notes | KalaSudha","publisher":"KalaSudha","url":"https://kalasudha.com/raga/pilu","accessNote":"Public raga page. robots.txt allows this public path and excludes authenticated application paths; terms reviewed at /en-in/terms-conditions. All rights reserved: factual fields are cited, prose is paraphrased, fetched text retained for local audit only. No verbatim copying of the recorded core-field context was found in the compared already-used sources or KKSongs; attribution uncertainty is not a claim of original scholarship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"KalaSudha"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-pilu","title":"Pilu | SRgGmPdDnNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/pilu/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"khamaj","name":"Khamaj","thaat":"Khamaj","jati":"Shadav-Sampurna","time":"night (second prahar of the night, about 9 pm–12 am)","mood":"Playful (shringar)","summary":"Khamaj is especially common in thumri, dadra and hori-dhamar. The ascent normally leaves out Re and uses shuddha Ni, and the descent uses komal Ni. Ga and Ni are important and Pa is a resting note.","learnerFocus":"Use shuddha Ni going up and komal Ni coming down. Bring out Ga and Ni, and rest on Pa.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni; Sa ni Dha Pa Dha Ma \\ Ga","vadi":"Ga","samvadi":"Ni","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Lighter performances of Khamaj may add komal Ga and tivra Ma."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni with shuddha Ni.","Sing Sa ni Dha Pa Dha Ma, then glide down to Ga, using komal Ni.","Sing an ascent that leaves out Re."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-khamaj","title":"Khamaj: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/khamaj/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-khamaj","title":"Raag Khamaj","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/khamaj","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"KKSONGS-khamaj","title":"Raga Khamaja","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/khamaja.html","accessNote":"Public educational page. robots.txt provides a sitemap and no disallow rules; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home and raga pages. Copyright is not assumed open: cite factual fields and paraphrase; full fetched text is local audit evidence only. Asterisks are the source's ati-komal/andolan qualifier, retained in rawValue; normalized pitch remains komal. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-khamaj","title":"Khamaj | SRGmPDnS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/khamaj/","accessNote":"Open-access musician-authored Raga Index. robots.txt disallows filter-result paths, not this raga page; no separate restrictive terms link found on the inspected page/about page. No open reuse licence assumed. Cite factual melodic summaries; paraphrase prose. Quoted AUTRIM/Tanarang/Parrikar passages and attributed chalan are not new independent votes. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Rāga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"SWARANJALI-PRAVESHIKA1","title":"Praveshika Pratham: Syllabus and Theory / Raag Introductions","publisher":"Swaranjali Music School","url":"https://www.swaranjalimusicschool.com/Prarambhik/Exam-Info-Syllabus-PraveshikaPratham.pdf","accessNote":"Open school syllabus; robots.txt returned 404 and no restrictive terms link was found on the inspected school homepage. Copyright belongs to the school/Anjali Nandedkar: factual fields are cited; prose is paraphrased; original PDF and rendered pages are local audit evidence only. Music uses a custom Latin font: ladder rawValue retains the extracted glyph codes, while normalized values were checked against rendered pages. Superscript grace notes are parenthesized in value; the source’s dot and vertical-bar octave symbols are read using its own notation guide (Praveshika PDF pp.10–11). Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Swaranjali Music School"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"shivaranjani","name":"Shivaranjani","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"midnight (third prahar of the night, about 12–3 am)","mood":"Plaintive and haunting (Kalakar, quoted by George Howlett)","summary":"Shivaranjani uses five notes: Sa, Re, komal Ga, Pa and Dha. Komal Ga is its only altered core note. Interpretations vary, and the source gives example phrases rather than one fixed pakad.","learnerFocus":"Hear komal Ga as the only altered note, and the way Re and komal Ga resolve into each other.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re ga Pa Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Dha Pa ga Re Sa","pakad":"Re ga Pa · Dha Pa ga Re · ga Sa Re Dha Sa","vadi":"Pa","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Pa","Dha"],"caution":"There is no single agreed pakad or chalan, and mixed treatment can include shuddha Ga."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa Re ga Pa Dha Sa' and back down.","Sing Pa ga Re Sa slowly and listen to Re against komal Ga.","Compare it with Bhupali. The source says the core differs by using komal Ga."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"bhoopali","label":"Bhupali","reason":"The core form differs by using komal Ga."}],"sources":[{"id":"SUP2","title":"Shivranjani","publisher":"Raga Junglism (George Howlett)","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/shivranjani/","accessNote":"A practitioner's raag guide, used because the institutional sources we checked have no Shivaranjani profile. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line; paraphrased.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"ARTIUM-shivranjani","title":"Raag Shivranjani","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/shivranjani","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"RAGAKOSH-shivaranjani","title":"Raga Shivranjani - Learn Thaat, Jaati, Time, Vadi, Samvadi, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad - Powered by Ragakosh","publisher":"Ragakosh","url":"https://ragakosh.com/raga/shivranjani","accessNote":"Robots checked (B-ROBOTS-RAGAKOSH.txt): explanatory content-signal comments only, no disallow rule or AI-input prohibition printed. No terms link found in public navigation/help, and /terms returned 404 (B-TERMS-RAGAKOSH.txt). Only visibly public factual text is used. Playback requires Pro and was not accessed; no login or account was used. HTML/text is private audit evidence; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Ragakosh"},{"id":"KKSONGS-shivaranjani","title":"Raga Sivaranjani","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/sivaranjani.html","accessNote":"Public Krsna Kirtana Songs raga reference. Robots checked in B-ROBOTS-KKSONGS.txt (sitemap only, no disallow). No terms link was found on the homepage or raga page. Short factual transcriptions/citations only, no open-license claim. Saved HTML/text is private audit evidence; no audio downloaded. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"RAGAMELODY-shivaranjani","title":"Raga Shivaranjani (Raag Shivaranjani - Haunting Pentatonic Raga in Indian Music)","publisher":"RagaMelody","url":"https://www.ragamelody.com/2018/03/raga-shivaranjani-notes.html/","accessNote":"Public RagaMelody / Caesium Studio reference. Robots checked: 404, no robots directives available (B-ROBOTS-RAGAMELODY.txt). Linked privacy page checked (B-POLICY-RAGAMELODY.txt); no separate terms link found on homepage or article. Short factual field transcriptions and citations only, no open-license claim. HTML/text is local audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"RagaMelody"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-shivaranjani","title":"Raga Shivaranjani: The Pentatonic Raga of Pathos","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/shivaranjani/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"kedar","name":"Kedar","thaat":"Kalyan","jati":"Audav-Shadav (vakra)","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"Serious","summary":"Kedar is a major, serious raag. Its strongest note is shuddha Ma, often oscillated. Its movement is indirect: a light touch of Ga links phrases that move from Ma, and traditions differ on komal Ni.","learnerFocus":"Keep the light Ga touch around movements from Ma, and keep the characteristic turns.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Ma Ma Pa Dha Pa Ni Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma(tivra) Pa Dha Pa Ma Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Sa / Ma; Ma Ga Pa; Ma(tivra) Pa Dha \\ Pa Ma -; Pa Ma \\ Re Sa Re Sa","vadi":"Ma","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"Komal Ni may be touched between two Dha notes, especially in khayal, but many musicians avoid it."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa and glide up to Ma, then hold Ma.","Sing Ma(tivra) Pa Dha, glide down to Pa, and rest on Ma.","Komal Ni is optional between two Dha notes and many musicians avoid it. Listen for whether a recording uses it."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"kamod","label":"Kamod","reason":"Shares the Ma(tivra) Pa / Sa approach to high Sa."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-kedar","title":"Kedar: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/kedar/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-kedar","title":"Raag Kedar","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/kedar","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-kedar","title":"Raag Kedar | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/kedar","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"DARBAR-kedar","title":"Kedar - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/kedar/","accessNote":"Public Raga Explorer text; /raga/ is allowed by B-ROBOTS-DARBAR.txt. Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt: proprietary content, no open license claimed. Only cited factual fields are normalized; saved HTML/text is private audit evidence, not licensed for republication. No paid video accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-kedar","title":"Raga Kedar: The Serene Night Raga of Shiva","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/kedar/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"desh","name":"Desh","thaat":"Khamaj","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"night (second prahar of the night, about 9 pm–12 am)","mood":"Lively and sweet","summary":"Desh is sung in several classical, devotional and lighter forms and is associated with the monsoon. It rises on five notes and comes down on seven, using both forms of Ni.","learnerFocus":"Hear the five-note ascent, the two forms of Ni, and the descending turns.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa, Dha Ma Ga Re, Ga .Ni Sa","pakad":".Ni Sa, Re Ma Ga Re, .Ni Sa, Re Ma Pa, Dha Ma Ga Re, Re Ma Pa ni Dha Pa, Ma Pa Ni Sa', Pa Ni Sa' Re' ni Dha Pa","vadi":"Re","samvadi":"Pa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Gharanas differ: some bring out Sarang or Khamaj features, and some briefly touch komal Ga in the upper octave."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the ascent Sa Re Ma Pa Ni Sa' with shuddha Ni.","Sing the descent Re' ni Dha Pa, Dha Ma Ga Re, Ga .Ni Sa and notice where komal Ni appears.","The Darbar profile names Jaijaivanti as close to Desh. Read both profiles and list what they share."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"SUP4","title":"Desh","publisher":"Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/desh/","accessNote":"Raag profile from an arts organisation, used because AUTRIM has no Desh page. Its Western-note conversion is wrong and is not used; the Indian sargam is. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line; paraphrased.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"ARTIUM-des","title":"Raag Des","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/des","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-desh","title":"Raag Des | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/des","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"DARBAR-desh","title":"Desh  - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/desh/","accessNote":"Public Raga Explorer text; /raga/ is allowed by B-ROBOTS-DARBAR.txt. Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt: proprietary content, no open license claimed. Only cited factual fields are normalized; saved HTML/text is private audit evidence, not licensed for republication. No paid video accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-desh","title":"Raga Desh: The Monsoon & Patriotic Raga Guide","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/desh/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"},{"id":"IGNOU-BHMCT-103-B5-U3","title":"BHMCT-103, Block 5 हिन्दुस्थानी संगीत के अनिवार्य तत्व, Unit 3 पाठ्यक्रम के राग एवं ताल","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/109532/1/Block-5.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU BHMCT-103"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"malkauns","name":"Malkauns","thaat":"Bhairavi","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"midnight (third prahar of the night, about 12–3 am)","mood":"Serious and solemn","summary":"Malkauns is serious and solemn and can move straight up and down. Slow glides, oscillation on komal Ga, and weight on Sa and Ma shape it.","learnerFocus":"Use slow glides, oscillate komal Ga, hold komal Dha, and tune the drone to Ma.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa ga Ma dha ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni dha Ma ga Sa","pakad":"dha ni / ga \\ Sa; ga \\ ni Sa \\ dha; ga Ma dha \\ ga Ma ga \\ Sa; Sa Ma ga Ma; dha / Ma / ni","vadi":"Ma","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Ga(komal)","Ma","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Chandrakauns uses shuddha Ni instead of komal Ni. The similar name does not mean the same treatment."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa ga Ma dha ni Sa' and back down. There is no Re or Pa.","Sing ga Ma dha, glide down to ga, then sing Ma ga and glide down to Sa.","Chandrakauns uses shuddha Ni instead of komal Ni. Sing Malkauns's komal Ni and hear the difference."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-malkauns","title":"Malkauns: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/malkauns/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-malkauns","title":"Raag Malkauns","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/malkauns","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-malkauns","title":"Raag Malkauns | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/malkauns","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-malkauns","title":"Raga Malkauns: The Midnight Raga — Scale & Songs","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/malkauns/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"},{"id":"RAGAKOSH-malkauns","title":"Raga Malkauns - Learn Thaat, Jaati, Time, Vadi, Samvadi, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad - Powered by Ragakosh","publisher":"Ragakosh","url":"https://ragakosh.com/raga/malkauns","accessNote":"Robots checked (B-ROBOTS-RAGAKOSH.txt): explanatory content-signal comments only, no disallow rule or AI-input prohibition printed. No terms link found in public navigation/help, and /terms returned 404 (B-TERMS-RAGAKOSH.txt). Only visibly public factual text is used. Playback requires Pro and was not accessed; no login or account was used. HTML/text is private audit evidence; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Ragakosh"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"durga","name":"Durga","thaat":"Bilawal","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"night (second prahar of the night, about 9 pm–12 am)","mood":"Simple, bright, folk-fresh","summary":"Durga is a five-note raag that develops mainly in the middle octave. It can go up and down directly. Sa and Ma are important, and Pa is a resting note.","learnerFocus":"In middle-octave phrases, bring out Sa and Ma and rest on Pa.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Dha Pa Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Ma Re / Pa; Dha Ma \\ Re; Dha Ma Pa Dha; Re Dha / Sa","vadi":"Dha","samvadi":"Re","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ma","Pa","Dha"],"caution":"AUTRIM names Sa and Ma as important notes and Pa as a resting note, but it does not name a vadi or samvadi."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Sa' and back down.","Sing Ma Re, glide up to Pa, and rest there.","Sing Dha Ma Pa Dha and listen for Ma inside the phrase."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-durga","title":"Durga: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/durga/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-durga","title":"Raag Durga","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/durga","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-durga","title":"Raag Durga | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/durga","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"DARBAR-durga","title":"Durga  - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/durga/","accessNote":"Public Raga Explorer text; /raga/ is allowed by B-ROBOTS-DARBAR.txt. Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt: proprietary content, no open license claimed. Only cited factual fields are normalized; saved HTML/text is private audit evidence, not licensed for republication. No paid video accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"KKSONGS-durga","title":"Raga Durga","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/durga.html","accessNote":"Public Krsna Kirtana Songs raga reference. Robots checked in B-ROBOTS-KKSONGS.txt (sitemap only, no disallow). No terms link was found on the homepage or raga page. Short factual transcriptions/citations only, no open-license claim. Saved HTML/text is private audit evidence; no audio downloaded. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"RAGAMELODY-durga","title":"Raga Durga (Raag Durga - Pentatonic Audav-Audav Raga from Bilawal Thaat)","publisher":"RagaMelody","url":"https://www.ragamelody.com/2011/02/raag-durga.html/","accessNote":"Public RagaMelody / Caesium Studio reference. Robots checked: 404, no robots directives available (B-ROBOTS-RAGAMELODY.txt). Linked privacy page checked (B-POLICY-RAGAMELODY.txt); no separate terms link found on homepage or article. Short factual field transcriptions and citations only, no open-license claim. HTML/text is local audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"RagaMelody"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"ahir-bhairav","name":"Ahir Bhairav","thaat":"Bhairav","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"early morning (first prahar of the day, about 6–9 am)","mood":"Devotional, serene and contemplative","summary":"Ahir Bhairav may leave out Pa going up. It can come down directly or through turns around Ma and komal Re. AUTRIM calls Pa and Sa important, with Ga also held.","learnerFocus":"Learn the turn through Dha, komal Ni and komal Re, and keep komal Re clear so the raag keeps its identity.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa re Ga Ma Pa Dha ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma Ga re Sa","pakad":"ni Sa Dha ni / re Sa; re \\ ni Dha; re \\ ni Sa re Ga -; ni Sa re Ga Ma \\ re Sa","vadi":"Ma","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Komal Ni can make a phrase sound like Kafi or Khamaj. Komal re and the Dha ni re turn keep it Ahir Bhairav."},"studyPrompts":["Sing ni Sa Dha ni, glide up to komal Re, and end on Sa.","Sing the descent Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma Ga re Sa.","Komal Ni can make a phrase sound like Kafi or Khamaj. Sing komal Re clearly to keep it Ahir Bhairav."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"kafi","label":"Kafi","reason":"Komal Ni in the upper half of the scale can suggest Kafi; komal Re and the Dha ni / re turn keep it Ahir Bhairav."},{"slug":"khamaj","label":"Khamaj","reason":"The upper tetrachord can suggest Khamaj; komal Re and characteristic movement distinguish it."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-ahir-bhairav","title":"Ahir Bhairav: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/ahir-bhairav/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-aheer-bhairav","title":"Raag Aheer Bhairav","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/aheer-bhairav","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-ahir-bhairav","title":"Raag Aheer Bhairav | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/aheer-bhairav","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"DARBAR-ahir-bhairav","title":"Ahir Bhairav - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/ahir-bhairav/","accessNote":"Public Raga Explorer text; /raga/ is allowed by B-ROBOTS-DARBAR.txt. Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt: proprietary content, no open license claimed. Only cited factual fields are normalized; saved HTML/text is private audit evidence, not licensed for republication. No paid video accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-ahir-bhairav","title":"Raga Ahir Bhairav: The Serene Morning Raga Guide","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/ahir-bhairav/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"},{"id":"RAGAKOSH-ahir-bhairav","title":"Raga Ahir Bhairav - Learn Thaat, Jaati, Time, Vadi, Samvadi, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad - Powered by Ragakosh","publisher":"Ragakosh","url":"https://ragakosh.com/raga/ahir-bhairav","accessNote":"Robots checked (B-ROBOTS-RAGAKOSH.txt): explanatory content-signal comments only, no disallow rule or AI-input prohibition printed. No terms link found in public navigation/help, and /terms returned 404 (B-TERMS-RAGAKOSH.txt). Only visibly public factual text is used. Playback requires Pro and was not accessed; no login or account was used. HTML/text is private audit evidence; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Ragakosh"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"bhimpalasi","name":"Bhimpalasi","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"afternoon (third prahar of the day, about noon–3 pm)","mood":"Serene and peaceful","summary":"Bhimpalasi usually starts its ascent on lower komal Ni and leaves out Re and Dha going up. Its glides and oscillations need control, and its solemn movement can feel calm.","learnerFocus":"Control the slow slides and oscillations. Komal Ni is sung slightly higher in the ascent.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa ga Ma Pa ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma ga Re Sa","pakad":"ni Sa ga - Re Sa Re - Sa; Re ni Sa / Ma; Ma Pa \\ ga ~","vadi":"Ma","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"Older accounts used shuddha Ni. Today komal Ni is used, and in the ascent it is sung slightly higher rather than changed to shuddha Ni."},"studyPrompts":["Sing an ascent from lower komal Ni that leaves out Re and Dha.","Sing Ma Pa, glide down to komal Ga, and oscillate it.","Sing ni Sa ga Re Sa slowly."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"patdeep","label":"Patdeep","reason":"Related Dhanashri-group raag."},{"slug":"pilu","label":"Pilu","reason":"Related Dhanashri-group raag."},{"slug":"multani","label":"Multani","reason":"Included in the Dhanashri group despite a different scale."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-bhimpalasi","title":"Bhimpalasi: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/bhimpalasi/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"IGNOU-BHMCT-105H-U3","title":"BHMCT-105H, Block 6 धर्म, दर्शन और संगीत, Unit 3 पाठ्यक्रम के राग और ताल-3","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/109283/1/Unit-3.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU BHMCT-105H"},{"id":"ARTIUM-bheempalasi","title":"Raag Bheempalasi","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/bheempalasi","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"DARBAR-bhimpalasi","title":"Bhimpalasi  - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/bhimpalasi/","accessNote":"Public Raga Explorer text; /raga/ is allowed by B-ROBOTS-DARBAR.txt. Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt: proprietary content, no open license claimed. Only cited factual fields are normalized; saved HTML/text is private audit evidence, not licensed for republication. No paid video accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-bhimpalasi","title":"Raga Bhimpalasi: The Afternoon Raga of Longing","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/bhimpalasi/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"},{"id":"RAGAKOSH-bhimpalasi","title":"Raga Bhimpalasi - Learn Thaat, Jaati, Time, Vadi, Samvadi, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad - Powered by Ragakosh","publisher":"Ragakosh","url":"https://ragakosh.com/raga/bhimpalasi","accessNote":"Robots checked (B-ROBOTS-RAGAKOSH.txt): explanatory content-signal comments only, no disallow rule or AI-input prohibition printed. No terms link found in public navigation/help, and /terms returned 404 (B-TERMS-RAGAKOSH.txt). Only visibly public factual text is used. Playback requires Pro and was not accessed; no login or account was used. HTML/text is private audit evidence; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Ragakosh"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"bihag","name":"Bihag","thaat":"Kalyan","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"Playful (shringar)","summary":"In Bihag, Ga and Ni are strong, while Re and Dha are weak and left out going up. Both forms of Ma occur, but tivra Ma is weak and appears only in oblique descending turns with shuddha Ma.","learnerFocus":"Keep Re and Dha light, bring out Ga and Ni, and use tivra Ma only in descending turns.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Ga Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma(tivra) Pa Ga Ma Ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ni Sa / Ga Re Sa; Sa / Ma Ga -; Ga Ma Pa Ga Ma Ga -; Pa \\ Ma(tivra) Ga Ma Pa Ma Ga -; Pa - Dha \\ Ga Ma Ga -","vadi":"Ga","samvadi":"Ni","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"Older interpretations almost avoid tivra Ma. Newer ones use it lightly, and only in winding descending phrases."},"studyPrompts":["Sing an ascent that leaves out Re and Dha.","Sing Pa, glide down to Ma(tivra), then sing Ga Ma Pa Ma Ga and hold the Ga.","Sing Ga Ma Pa Ga Ma Ga and hold the final Ga."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-bihag","title":"Bihag: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/bihag/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-bihag","title":"Raag Bihag","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/bihag","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-bihag","title":"Raag Bihag | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/bihag","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"DARBAR-bihag","title":"Bihaag/Behaag  - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/bihaag-behaag/","accessNote":"Public Raga Explorer text; /raga/ is allowed by B-ROBOTS-DARBAR.txt. Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt: proprietary content, no open license claimed. Only cited factual fields are normalized; saved HTML/text is private audit evidence, not licensed for republication. No paid video accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"SHANKARMAHADEVAN-bihag","title":"Raga Bihag: The Sweet Romantic Night Raga Guide","publisher":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy","url":"https://www.shankarmahadevanacademy.com/raga/bihag/","accessNote":"Robots allows public raga pages (B-ROBOTS-SHANKAR.txt). Terms reviewed in B-TERMS-SHANKAR.txt: copying/downloading is limited to personal non-commercial use, no open license. This is a local study audit with short factual transcriptions and citations; do not publish the fetched page text, exercises, or course materials. No login/course content accessed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Shankar Mahadevan Academy"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"RAGAKOSH-bihag","title":"Raga Bihag - Learn Thaat, Jaati, Time, Vadi, Samvadi, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad - Powered by Ragakosh","publisher":"Ragakosh","url":"https://ragakosh.com/raga/bihag","accessNote":"Robots checked (B-ROBOTS-RAGAKOSH.txt): explanatory content-signal comments only, no disallow rule or AI-input prohibition printed. No terms link found in public navigation/help, and /terms returned 404 (B-TERMS-RAGAKOSH.txt). Only visibly public factual text is used. Playback requires Pro and was not accessed; no login or account was used. HTML/text is private audit evidence; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Ragakosh"},{"id":"SPMVV-MAMUD4-1-S5-4","title":"MAMUD4.1 Research and Contemporary Music, Musicologists, §5.4 THAAT SYSTEM","publisher":"Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam","url":"https://spmvv.ac.in/ddefiles/ugcproposals/2025/05/MAMUD4_1_Research_and_Contemporary_Music_Musicologists.pdf","accessNote":"University course material listing raags under each thaat (printed pp.41–42). All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SPMVV"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"brindavani-sarang","name":"Brindavani Sarang","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"afternoon (third prahar of the day, about noon–3 pm)","mood":"(playful) shringar","summary":"Brindavani Sarang gives weight to Re and Pa and uses paired glides: from komal Ni down to Pa, and from Ma down to Re. Today's form leaves out Dha, unlike an older form.","learnerFocus":"Hear the glides from komal Ni to Pa and from Ma to Re, and the important Re and Pa.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Pa Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Re Ma Pa ni \\ Pa; Pa \\ Re Ma \\ Re Ni Sa","vadi":"Re","samvadi":"Pa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ma","Pa","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Older descriptions kept Dha in this raag. AUTRIM's present-day account and recording leave it out."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Re Ma Pa ni and glide down to Pa.","Sing Pa, glide down to Re, then Ma, glide to Re, and end Ni Sa.","Sing the ascent .Ni Sa Re Ma Pa Ni Sa'. It has no Ga or Dha."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-brindavani-sarang","title":"Brindavani Sarang: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/brindavani-sarang/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"IGNOU-OMU-001-U1","title":"OMU-001 Introduction to Hindustani Music, Block 3 Applied Theory, Unit 1 Raga","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/47383/1/Unit-1.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU OMU-001"},{"id":"ARTIUM-sarang","title":"Raag Sarang (Brindavani Sarang)","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/sarang","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"AGKSANGEET-brindavani-sarang","title":"Raag Brindavani Sarang | AGK Sangeet","publisher":"AGK Sangeet","url":"https://agksangeet.com/raag/brindavani-sarang","accessNote":"Public raag page; robots permits /raag/ (B-ROBOTS-AGKSANGEET.txt). No terms link was present in the page navigation/footer or sitemap. Copyright remains with the publisher; short factual field transcriptions and cited normalization only. Full fetched HTML/text is private audit evidence and must not ship. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"AGK Sangeet"},{"id":"KKSONGS-brindavani-sarang","title":"Raga Vrndavani Saranga","publisher":"Krsna Kirtana Songs","url":"https://kksongs.org/raga/list/vrndavani_saranga.html","accessNote":"Public Krsna Kirtana Songs raga reference. Robots checked in B-ROBOTS-KKSONGS.txt (sitemap only, no disallow). No terms link was found on the homepage or raga page. Short factual transcriptions/citations only, no open-license claim. Saved HTML/text is private audit evidence; no audio downloaded. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Krsna Kirtana Songs"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-brindavani-sarang","title":"(Brindabani) Sarang | SRmPnNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Raga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/sarang/","accessNote":"Public original musicology by George Howlett; robots permits these raag paths (B-ROBOTS-RAGAJUNGLISM.txt). About/index and page navigation checked: open-access, AI-free authorship described, no open reuse license or restriction on this local factual audit found. Short field transcriptions with attribution only; HTML/text remains private audit evidence. No media downloaded. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"kirwani","name":"Kirwani","thaat":null,"jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"night (second prahar of the night, about 9 pm–12 am)","mood":"Romantic (Rahul Sharma, quoted by Smithsonian Folkways)","summary":"Kirwani comes from the Carnatic raag Keeravani and has the same notes as the Western harmonic minor scale. The source allows free use of all seven notes; komal Ga, komal Dha and Ni help define it.","learnerFocus":"Hear komal Ga, komal Dha and shuddha Ni together, and Re as a favoured resting note.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re ga Ma Pa dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni dha Pa Ma ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ma Pa Ni Sa Ni dha; Ni dha Pa ga Re","vadi":"Pa","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Its notes match the Western harmonic minor scale, but interpretation is open and there is no fixed pakad or chalan."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the ascent Sa Re ga Ma Pa dha Ni Sa'.","Sing Ni dha Pa ga Re and rest on Re.","Sing Ma Pa Ni Sa and then ga Re Sa. The source hears hints of Pilu in these phrases."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"pilu","label":"Pilu","reason":"The scale includes hints of Pilu in Ma Pa Ni Sa and ga Re Sa."},{"slug":"bageshri","label":"Bageshri","reason":"The Mewati interpretation is said to contain Bageshri shades, attributed by Howlett to Aarshin Karande."}],"sources":[{"id":"ARTIUM-kirwani","title":"Raag Kirwani","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/kirwani","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"SUP3","title":"Kirwani","publisher":"Raga Junglism (George Howlett)","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/kirwani/","accessNote":"A practitioner's raag guide, used because the institutional sources we checked have no Kirwani profile. Its printed descent contradicts its own note list, so that descent is not used. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line; paraphrased.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"RAGAKOSH-kirwani","title":"Raga Kirwani - Learn Thaat, Jaati, Time, Vadi, Samvadi, Aroh, Avroh, Pakad - Powered by Ragakosh","publisher":"Ragakosh","url":"https://ragakosh.com/raga/kirwani","accessNote":"Robots checked (B-ROBOTS-RAGAKOSH.txt): explanatory content-signal comments only, no disallow rule or AI-input prohibition printed. No terms link found in public navigation/help, and /terms returned 404 (B-TERMS-RAGAKOSH.txt). Only visibly public factual text is used. Playback requires Pro and was not accessed; no login or account was used. HTML/text is private audit evidence; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Ragakosh"},{"id":"SMITHSONIAN-SFW40528-KIRWANI","title":"In the Footsteps of Babur: Musical Encounters from the Lands of the Mughals, Music of Central Asia Vol.9, SFW CD 40528","publisher":"Smithsonian Folkways Recordings / Aga Khan Music Initiative","url":"https://folkways-media.si.edu/docs/folkways/artwork/SFW40528.pdf","accessNote":"Album booklet note on a Kirwani performance. Cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Smithsonian Folkways"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-kirwani","title":"Kirwani | SRgmPdNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"Raga Junglism / George Howlett","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/kirwani/","accessNote":"Public original musicology by George Howlett; robots permits these raag paths (B-ROBOTS-RAGAJUNGLISM.txt). About/index and page navigation checked: open-access, AI-free authorship described, no open reuse license or restriction on this local factual audit found. Short field transcriptions with attribution only; HTML/text remains private audit evidence. No media downloaded. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism / George Howlett"},{"id":"DARBAR-kirwani","title":"Rakesh Chaurasia | Raag Kirwani - Romantic Ragas - Darbar Player","publisher":"Darbar","url":"https://player.darbar.org/romantic-ragas/videos/df2023-rakesh-chaurasia-raagkirwani","accessNote":"Public concert-description text only. Robots allows this public page (B-ROBOTS-DARBAR-PLAYER.txt); Darbar terms were reviewed in B-TERMS-DARBAR.txt and the Player /tos endpoint was checked (B-TERMS-DARBAR-PLAYER.txt, no readable terms body). Only factual public metadata is cited. The video requires a subscription and was not played or downloaded. Private audit evidence only; no open license claimed. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"alhiya-bilawal","name":"Alhaiya Bilawal","thaat":"Bilawal","jati":"Shadav-Sampurna","time":"late morning (second prahar of the day, about 9 am–noon)","mood":null,"summary":"Alhaiya Bilawal is a major raag of the Bilawal family with indirect movement. Ma is left out of the direct ascent but appears in turns, and komal Ni appears in the descent between two Dha notes.","learnerFocus":"Learn the Ga Ma Re Ga Pa turn and the descending Dha ni Dha Pa. AUTRIM marks Ga and Ni as important.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Dha ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Ga ~ Re Ga / Pa; Dha ~ ni Dha \\ Pa; Dha \\ Ga; Ga Ma Re Ga Pa Ma Ga","vadi":"Dha","samvadi":"Ga","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Shuddha Bilawal uses Ma in the ascent and has no komal Ni, which sets it apart from Alhaiya Bilawal."},"studyPrompts":["Sing the turn Ga Ma Re Ga Pa slowly.","Sing the descent Sa' Ni Dha Pa Dha ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Ma Re Sa and mark the komal Ni.","Shuddha Bilawal has Ma in the ascent and no komal Ni. Sing an Alhaiya Bilawal ascent without Ma."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-alhaiya-bilaval","title":"Alhaiya Bilaval: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/alhaiya-bilaval/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"NIOS-NP1","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Practical Book 2, Chapter 1: Chota Khayal","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusicpracticalbook2/ch_HMB2-1.pdf","accessNote":"Government open-schooling course book with raag profiles (Raga Parichay). Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"ARTIUM-alhaiya-bilawal","title":"Raag Alhaiya Bilawal","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/alhaiya-bilawal","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"DARBAR-alhiya-bilawal","title":"Alhaiya Bilawal - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/alhaiya-bilawal/","accessNote":"Robots permits public raga pages; /tos reviewed (C-DARBAR-robots.txt, C-DARBAR-terms.txt). Copyright retained. Factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases only; complete page evidence is local audit material, not for publication. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"RAAGIST-alhiya-bilawal","title":"Raagist -Raag Alhaiya Bilawal","publisher":"Raagist","url":"https://raagist.com/raags/alhaiyabilawal","accessNote":"Public page read without login. robots.txt returned HTTP 404 (no rules file); no terms link found on the public raag/index pages. No open licence assumed. Only factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases are intended for use; saved page/HTML is local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raagist"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-alhiya-bilawal","title":"Alhaiya Bilawal Raag Bandish 16 Matras alap Taan Notes Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/alhaiya-bilawal-raag-parichay-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RIYAZ-alhiya-bilawal","title":"Raag Alhaiya Bilawal — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/alhaiya-bilawal/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"IGNOU-BHMCT-103-B5-U3","title":"BHMCT-103, Block 5 हिन्दुस्थानी संगीत के अनिवार्य तत्व, Unit 3 पाठ्यक्रम के राग एवं ताल","publisher":"Indira Gandhi National Open University (eGyanKosh)","url":"https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/109532/1/Block-5.pdf","accessNote":"University self-learning material. All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"IGNOU BHMCT-103"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-alhiya-bilawal","title":"Alhaiya Bilawal | SRGmPDnNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/alhaiya-bilawal/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"asavari","name":"Asavari (komal Re form)","thaat":"Bhairavi","jati":"Audav-Shadav","time":"late morning (second prahar of the day, about 9 am–noon)","mood":null,"summary":"This profile is the komal Re form of Asavari, which AUTRIM calls the more common form today. Ga and Ni are normally left out going up, and komal Re and komal Dha are stressed and slowly oscillated.","learnerFocus":"Oscillate komal Re and komal Dha, and learn the descending slides from komal Re to komal Ni and from komal Dha to Ma.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa re Ma Pa dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni dha Pa Ma ga re Sa","pakad":"re Ma Pa dha ~ Pa; dha \\ Ma ga re ~ Sa","vadi":"dha","samvadi":"ga","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"],"caution":"The shuddha Re form of Asavari and Jaunpuri-related forms are separate raags. The PKK syllabus does not say which Asavari it means."},"studyPrompts":["Sing re Ma Pa dha, oscillate komal Dha, and rest on Pa.","Sing dha, slide down to Ma, then ga re, and oscillate komal Re before Sa.","Sing an ascent without Ga and Ni."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"bhairavi","label":"Bhairavi","reason":"Same scale but different ascent/descent and melodic character."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-asavari-komal-rishabh","title":"Asavari (komal Rishabh): raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/asavari-komal-rishabh/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"SPMVV-MAMUD4-1-S5-4","title":"MAMUD4.1 Research and Contemporary Music, Musicologists, §5.4 THAAT SYSTEM","publisher":"Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam","url":"https://spmvv.ac.in/ddefiles/ugcproposals/2025/05/MAMUD4_1_Research_and_Contemporary_Music_Musicologists.pdf","accessNote":"University course material listing raags under each thaat (printed pp.41–42). All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SPMVV"},{"id":"ARTIUM-komal-rishabh-asawari","title":"Raag Komal Rishabh Asawari","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/komal-rishabh-asawari","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"RAAGIST-asavari","title":"Raagist -Raag Komal Rishabh Asavari","publisher":"Raagist","url":"https://raagist.com/raags/komalrishabhasavari","accessNote":"Public page read without login. robots.txt returned HTTP 404 (no rules file); no terms link found on the public raag/index pages. No open licence assumed. Only factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases are intended for use; saved page/HTML is local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raagist"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-asavari","title":"Komal Rishabh Asawari Raag Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/komal-rishabh-asawari-raag-parichay-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-asavari","title":"Asavari | SrRgmPdnS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/asavari/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"RIYAZ-asavari","title":"Raag Komal Rishabh Asavari — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/komal-rishabh-asavari/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"CHANDRAVEENA-asavari","title":"Chandraveena | Raga Komal Rishabh Asavari - A new identity to an old Raga","publisher":"S. Balachander / Chandraveena","url":"https://www.chandraveena.com/blog/r5-kra/","accessNote":"robots.txt returned HTTP 404 (no rules file). Site terms reviewed (C-CHANDRAVEENA-terms.txt): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Preserve attribution and link; local unmodified page retained for audit. This file extracts factual musical assertions; it does not grant commercial reuse or permission to redistribute adapted prose/audio. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Chandraveena"},{"id":"SWARGANGA-komal-asavari","title":"Komal Rishabh / Komal Asavari Asavari","publisher":"SwarGanga Music Foundation","url":"https://www.swarganga.org/raags/9/komal-asavari","accessNote":"Music foundation's profile of the komal-Re form of Asavari. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SwarGanga"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"patdeep","name":"Patdeep","thaat":"Kafi","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"afternoon (third prahar of the day, about noon–3 pm)","mood":"playful (shringar)","summary":"Patdeep gives shuddha Ni weight and can rest on Pa. Its direct ascent leaves out Dha, and oscillated komal Ga and the glide from Ma Pa down to Ga are characteristic.","learnerFocus":"Keep weight on Ni, oscillate komal Ga, and touch Sa when you sing Re.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa ga Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ni Sa ga Sa Re - Sa; ga Ma Pa Ni Dha Pa; Ni Sa Dha Pa; Dha Ma Pa \\ ga ~","vadi":"Pa","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"Without the Ga oscillation and the Sa touch on Re, a phrase may sound like Pilu. Using tivra Ma instead of shuddha Ma gives Madhuvanti."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Ni Sa ga Sa Re Sa, touching Sa around Re.","Sing Dha Ma Pa, glide down to komal Ga, and oscillate it.","Without the Ga oscillation and the Sa touch on Re, a phrase can suggest Pilu. Sing a phrase both ways and listen."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"bhimpalasi","label":"Bhimpalasi","reason":"Similar structure, but Patdeep uses shuddha Ni."},{"slug":"pilu","label":"Pilu","reason":"Without Ga oscillation and a Sa touch on Re, a phrase can suggest Pilu."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-patdip","title":"Patdip: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/patdip/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-patdeep","title":"Raag Patdeep","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/patdeep","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"RAAGIST-patdeep","title":"Raagist -Raag Patdeep","publisher":"Raagist","url":"https://raagist.com/raags/patdeep","accessNote":"Public page read without login. robots.txt returned HTTP 404 (no rules file); no terms link found on the public raag/index pages. No open licence assumed. Only factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases are intended for use; saved page/HTML is local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raagist"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-patdeep","title":"Patdeep Raag Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-patdeep-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RIYAZ-patdeep","title":"Raag Patdeep — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/patdeep/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-patdeep","title":"Patdeep | SRgmPDNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/patdeep/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"hamir","name":"Hamir","thaat":"Kalyan","jati":"Sampurna (vakra; directional counts unspecified)","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"deep","summary":"Hamir stresses Dha and works mostly in the upper tetrachord. The direct ascent uses shuddha Ma, and the descent bends through both forms of Ma and often returns through Ga Ma Re Sa.","learnerFocus":"Stress Dha, and tell the two forms of Ma apart in the descent.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Ga Ma Dha Ni Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma(tivra) Pa Ga Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Sa - Ga Ma Ni Dha; Ma(tivra) Pa Ga Ma Re; Ni Dha Ni Sa; Dha Ma(tivra) Pa Ga Ma Ni Dha","vadi":"Dha","samvadi":"Ga","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"Ga Ma Re Sa and Ga Ma Pa Ga Ma Re Sa can sound like Kamod. A clear stress on Dha keeps the raag Hamir."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Sa Ga Ma Ni Dha and hold the Dha.","Sing the descent Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma(tivra) Pa Ga Ma Re Sa.","Ga Ma Re Sa can suggest Kamod. Sing it after a strong Dha to keep the phrase in Hamir."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"kamod","label":"Kamod","reason":"Shared concluding phrases can suggest Kamod; Dha emphasis distinguishes Hamir."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-hamir","title":"Hamir: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/hamir/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-hameer","title":"Raag Hameer","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/hameer","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"DARBAR-hamir","title":"Hameer - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/hameer/","accessNote":"Robots permits public raga pages; /tos reviewed (C-DARBAR-robots.txt, C-DARBAR-terms.txt). Copyright retained. Factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases only; complete page evidence is local audit material, not for publication. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-hamir","title":"Hameer Raag Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-hameer-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-hamir","title":"Hameer | SRGmMPDNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/hameer/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"tilang","name":"Tilang","thaat":"Khamaj","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"night (second prahar of the night, about 9 pm–12 am)","mood":"playful (shringar)","summary":"Tilang usually leaves out Re and Dha and is closely tied to lighter classical music. It uses shuddha Ni going up and komal Ni coming down, and a little upper Re is allowed.","learnerFocus":"Use shuddha Ni going up and komal Ni coming down, and keep upper Re limited.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Ga Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Pa Ma Ga Sa","pakad":"ni \\ Pa Ga Ma Ga; Ma Pa Ni Sa ni \\ Pa; Ma Ga \\ Sa","vadi":"Ga","samvadi":"Ni","swaraSet":["Sa","Ga","Ma","Pa","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Lighter performances can bring in extra notes."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Ma Pa Ni Sa with shuddha Ni, then come down from komal Ni to Pa.","Sing Ma Ga and glide down to Sa.","Sing Tilang's notes, Sa Ga Ma Pa and both forms of Ni, without Re or Dha."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-tilang","title":"Tilang: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/tilang/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-tilang","title":"Raag Tilang","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/tilang","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-tilang","title":"Tilang Raag Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-tilang-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-tilang","title":"Tilang | SGmPnNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/tilang/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"RIYAZ-tilang","title":"Raag Tilang — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/tilang/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"purvi","name":"Purvi","thaat":"Purvi","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"late afternoon to sunset (fourth prahar of the day, about 3–6 pm)","mood":"Deep","summary":"Purvi often starts rising phrases on lower Ni and avoids Pa except at the end of a rising phrase. The descent uses both forms of Ma and a light touch of komal Re before Ga. Ga and Ni are important.","learnerFocus":"Hear the light komal Re touch before Ga, and the closing phrase Ma(tivra) Ga re Sa.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa re Ga Ma(tivra) Pa dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni dha Pa Ma(tivra) Ga Ma Ga re Sa","pakad":"Ni re Ga Ma Ga; Ga Ma re Ga Ma Ga; re Ga Ma(tivra) Pa Ma(tivra) Ga Ma re Ga","vadi":"Ga","samvadi":"Ni","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Basant and Lalita Gauri share Purvi's notes but treat Ma differently. Puriya Dhanashri leaves out shuddha Ma."},"studyPrompts":["Sing .Ni re Ga Ma(tivra) Pa and end on Pa.","Sing the closing phrase Ma(tivra) Ga re Sa.","Sing Ga Ma re Ga Ma Ga and keep the komal Re short."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"bihag","label":"Bihag","reason":"Shares Pa Ma(tivra) Ga Ma Ga, with different intonation."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-purvi","title":"Purvi: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/purvi/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-poorvi","title":"Raag Poorvi","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/poorvi","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"RAAGIST-purvi","title":"Raagist -Raag Poorvi","publisher":"Raagist","url":"https://raagist.com/raags/poorvi","accessNote":"Public page read without login. robots.txt returned HTTP 404 (no rules file); no terms link found on the public raag/index pages. No open licence assumed. Only factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases are intended for use; saved page/HTML is local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raagist"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-purvi","title":"Description of Raag Purvi in english","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-purvi-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RIYAZ-purvi","title":"Raag Purvi — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/purvi/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-purvi","title":"Poorvi | SrGmMPdNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/poorvi/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"jaijaivanti","name":"Jaijaivanti","thaat":"Khamaj","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna","time":"night (second prahar of the night, about 9 pm–12 am)","mood":"Shringara rasa","summary":"Jaijaivanti has two interpretations, one close to Desh and Sorath and one close to Bageshri, which approach high Sa differently. Both use two forms of Ga and two forms of Ni. Re and Pa are important, and the rising glide from Pa to Re stands out.","learnerFocus":"Sing the glide from Pa up to Re in the rising direction. Do not reverse it.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa .Dha .ni Re Re ga Re Sa Ga Ma Pa Ma Ga Re Re Ma Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re ga Re Sa .Ni Sa .Dha .ni Re Sa","pakad":"Re Ni Sa Dha ni / Re; Dha ni Pa / Re; Ma Ga \\ Re; Dha \\ Ga Ma; Re ga Re Sa","vadi":"Re","samvadi":"Pa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Too much komal Ga can make it sound like Gara. Komal Ga usually sits between two Re notes."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Dha ni Pa and glide up to Re.","Sing Re ga Re Sa, placing komal Ga between two Re notes.","Approach high Sa as Ma Pa Ni Sa' (the Desh form), then as Ga Ma Dha ni Sa' (the Bageshri form)."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"desh","label":"Desh","reason":"Shared turns; komal Ga and Pa / Re preserve Jaijaivanti."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-jaijaivanti","title":"Jaijaivanti: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/jaijaivanti/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"SPMVV-MAMUD4-1-S5-4","title":"MAMUD4.1 Research and Contemporary Music, Musicologists, §5.4 THAAT SYSTEM","publisher":"Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam","url":"https://spmvv.ac.in/ddefiles/ugcproposals/2025/05/MAMUD4_1_Research_and_Contemporary_Music_Musicologists.pdf","accessNote":"University course material listing raags under each thaat (printed pp.41–42). All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SPMVV"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"DARBAR-jaijaivanti","title":"Jaijaiwanti - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/jaijaiwanti/","accessNote":"Robots permits public raga pages; /tos reviewed (C-DARBAR-robots.txt, C-DARBAR-terms.txt). Copyright retained. Factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases only; complete page evidence is local audit material, not for publication. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-jaijaivanti","title":"Jaijaiwanti Raag Bandish 8 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-jaijaiwanti-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RIYAZ-jaijaivanti","title":"Raag Jaijaiwanti — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/jaijaiwanti/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"ARTIUM-jaijaivanti","title":"Raag Jaijaivanti","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/jaijaivanti","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-jaijaivanti","title":"Jaijaiwanti | SRgGmPDnNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/jaijaiwanti/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"kamod","name":"Kamod","thaat":"Kalyan","jati":"Sampurna-Sampurna (vakra)","time":"early night (first prahar of the night, about 6–9 pm)","mood":"deep","summary":"In Kamod, Ga and Ni are weak and Re and Pa are important. It favours the upper middle octave and glides, and uses tivra Ma only as a grace note near Pa and Dha.","learnerFocus":"Touch Ma on the way from Re to Pa, and keep tivra Ma as a grace note near Pa and Dha.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Pa Ga Ma Re Sa Ma Re Pa Dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma(tivra) Pa Dha Pa Ga Ma Pa Ga Ma Re Sa","pakad":"Re / Pa; Ga Ma Dha Pa; Ga Ma Pa Ga Ma Re Sa","vadi":"Pa","samvadi":"Re","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"Too much stress on Ni and tivra Ma can make it sound like Shyam Kalyan or Shuddha Sarang."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Re and glide up to Pa.","Sing Ga Ma Pa Ga Ma Re Sa.","Too much Ni and tivra Ma can suggest Shyam Kalyan or Shuddha Sarang. Sing a phrase with Ni kept light."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"kedar","label":"Kedar","reason":"Shares Ma(tivra) Pa / Sa, requiring care."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-kamod","title":"Kamod: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/kamod/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-kamod","title":"Raag Kamod","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/kamod","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-kamod","title":"Kamod Raag Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-kamod-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RIYAZ-kamod","title":"Raag Kamod — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/kamod/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-kamod","title":"Kamod | SRGmMPDNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/kamod/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"marwa","name":"Marwa","thaat":"Marwa","jati":"Shadav-Shadav","time":"late afternoon to sunset (fourth prahar of the day, about 3–6 pm)","mood":"Intense","summary":"Marwa stresses komal Re and Dha. It can move directly but often avoids Sa. It shares its notes with Puriya and Sohini, so note emphasis and register decide its identity.","learnerFocus":"Stress komal Re, but return to Sa now and then so komal Re is not heard as the tonic.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa .Dha .Ni re Ga Ma(tivra) Dha Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni Dha Ma(tivra) Ga re Sa .Ni .Dha Sa .Ni re Sa","pakad":"Dha Ni / re Ni \\ Dha; Ni / Ga re; re Ga Ma(tivra) Dha Ma(tivra) Ga re","vadi":"re","samvadi":"Dha","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga","Ma(tivra)","Dha","Ni"],"caution":"Stressing Ga and Ni can make it sound like Puriya. Lively movement centred on high Sa can make it sound like Sohini."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Dha Ni and glide up to komal Re, then sing Ni and glide down to Dha.","Sing re Ga Ma(tivra) Dha Ma(tivra) Ga re.","After stressing komal Re, end a phrase on Sa so the tonic stays clear."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"malkauns","label":"Malkauns","reason":"If Re is mistaken for the tonic the resulting scale can sound like Malkauns."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-marva","title":"Marva: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/marva/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-marwa","title":"Raag Marwa","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/marwa","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-marwa","title":"Marwa Raag Marva Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-marwa-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-marwa","title":"Marwa | SrGMDNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/marwa/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"RIYAZ-marwa","title":"Raag Marwa — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/marwa/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"multani","name":"Multani","thaat":"Todi","jati":"Audav-Sampurna","time":"afternoon (third prahar of the day, about noon–3 pm)","mood":"Introspective and quietly yearning","summary":"Multani usually begins on lower Ni and leaves weak Re and Dha out of the ascent. Sa and Pa are resting notes, and oscillating komal Ga with tivra Ma is characteristic.","learnerFocus":"Start phrases on lower Ni, oscillate komal Ga with tivra Ma, and rest on Sa or Pa.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa ga Ma(tivra) Pa Ni Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Ni dha Pa Ma(tivra) ga re Sa","pakad":"Ni Sa / ga re Sa; Ma(tivra) ga ~ Pa Ma(tivra) Pa / Ni - dha Pa","vadi":"Pa","samvadi":"Sa","swaraSet":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga(komal)","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni"],"caution":"Miyan Ki Todi uses the same notes but different melodic patterns."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Ni Sa, glide up to komal Ga, then sing re Sa.","Sing Ma(tivra) ga with an oscillation, then Pa.","Sing an ascent from lower Ni that leaves out komal Re and komal Dha."],"commonConfusions":[],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-multani","title":"Multani: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/multani/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-multani","title":"Raag Multani","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/multani","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"DARBAR-multani","title":"Multaani - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/multaani/","accessNote":"Robots permits public raga pages; /tos reviewed (C-DARBAR-robots.txt, C-DARBAR-terms.txt). Copyright retained. Factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases only; complete page evidence is local audit material, not for publication. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"RAAGIST-multani","title":"Raagist -Raag Multani","publisher":"Raagist","url":"https://raagist.com/raags/multani","accessNote":"Public page read without login. robots.txt returned HTTP 404 (no rules file); no terms link found on the public raag/index pages. No open licence assumed. Only factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases are intended for use; saved page/HTML is local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raagist"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-multani","title":"Multani Raag Bandish 16 Matras Allap Taan Music Notes In English","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-multani-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-multani","title":"Multani | SrgMPdNS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/multani/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"RIYAZ-multani","title":"Raag Multani — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/multani/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"ITCSRA-samay-raga","title":"Samay Raga – The Time Theory of Ragas","publisher":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy","url":"https://itcsra.org/samay-raga","accessNote":"Public academy teaching page. robots.txt returned 404; no terms/automation restriction linked from the inspected home/page. Copyright retained: time facts are cited, prose paraphrased; fetched text is local evidence. This source is added only to raags for which it was not already used. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"ITC Sangeet Research Academy"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV2","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Visharad","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2_Vocal-Music-Visharad.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]},{"slug":"deshkar","name":"Deshkar","thaat":"Bilawal","jati":"Audav-Audav","time":"early morning (first prahar of the day, about 6–9 am)","mood":"Lively","summary":"Deshkar develops mainly in the upper middle and high registers, with a direct ascent and descent. Dha and Pa are important. Re is weak and never held, and Dha may be approached with a touch of komal Ni.","learnerFocus":"Bring out Dha and Pa, keep Re weak and short, and stay in the upper register.","reviewStatus":"review-ready","grammar":{"aroha":"Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'","avaroha":"Sa' Dha Pa Ga Re Sa","pakad":"Ga Pa Dha ~; Pa Dha Sa \\ Pa; Dha \\ Ga","vadi":"Dha","samvadi":"Ga","swaraSet":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"caution":"Bhupali shares the notes but uses slower glides, a lower register and a night-time setting."},"studyPrompts":["Sing Ga Pa Dha and oscillate Dha.","Sing Pa Dha Sa and glide down to Pa.","Bhupali has the same notes. Sing a Deshkar phrase high, then a Bhupali phrase lower and with slower glides."],"commonConfusions":[{"slug":"bhoopali","label":"Bhupali","reason":"Same tones; Bhupali has slow glides, lower-register elaboration and night time."}],"sources":[{"id":"AUTRIM-deshkar","title":"Deshkar: raag profile","publisher":"Music in Motion: AUTRIM (NCPA and University of Amsterdam)","url":"https://autrimncpa.wordpress.com/deshkar/","accessNote":"Raag profile written by Suvarnalata Rao with Wim van der Meer. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by line in the saved page text; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"AUTRIM"},{"id":"ARTIUM-deshkar","title":"Raag Deshkar","publisher":"Artium Academy","url":"https://artiumacademy.com/music-theory/hindustani-classical/ragas/deshkar","accessNote":"A private music academy's raag page. Its terms reserve reproduction, so it is cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Artium Academy"},{"id":"SPMVV-MAMUD4-1-S5-4","title":"MAMUD4.1 Research and Contemporary Music, Musicologists, §5.4 THAAT SYSTEM","publisher":"Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam","url":"https://spmvv.ac.in/ddefiles/ugcproposals/2025/05/MAMUD4_1_Research_and_Contemporary_Music_Musicologists.pdf","accessNote":"University course material listing raags under each thaat (printed pp.41–42). All rights reserved: cited by locator and paraphrased, never reproduced. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"SPMVV"},{"id":"DARBAR-deshkar","title":"Deshkar - Darbar","publisher":"Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust","url":"https://darbar.org/raga/deshkar/","accessNote":"Robots permits public raga pages; /tos reviewed (C-DARBAR-robots.txt, C-DARBAR-terms.txt). Copyright retained. Factual field transcriptions and cited paraphrases only; complete page evidence is local audit material, not for publication. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Darbar"},{"id":"ONLINESANGEET-deshkar","title":"Description of raag deshkar in english","publisher":"Online Sangeet","url":"https://onlinesangeet.com/description-of-raag-deshkar-in-english/","accessNote":"Robots allows public articles and excludes /wp-admin/ (C-ONLINESANGEET-robots.txt). Public footer/privacy policy reviewed; no separate terms link or automated-access restriction found there. No open licence assumed. Use cited factual data/paraphrases; full fetched page remains local audit evidence. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Online Sangeet"},{"id":"RIYAZ-deshkar","title":"Raag Deshkar — Aaroh, Avaroh, Pakar & Samay | Riyaz","publisher":"Riyaz / myriyaz.com","url":"https://myriyaz.com/glossary/deshkar/","accessNote":"Robots explicitly allows all crawlers (C-RIYAZ-robots.txt). Only public static glossary pages read, without account creation or the gated deep-dive feature. Public pages/home have no terms link; no open licence assumed. Factual transcriptions only. Several entries have internal inconsistencies, preserved in notes; this is a public-web vote, not a reliability endorsement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Riyaz"},{"id":"NIOS-N2","title":"Hindustani Music (242), Theory Book 1, Chapter 2: Elements of Raga","publisher":"National Institute of Open Schooling","url":"https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/Hindustani_Music_242/hindustanimusictheorybook1/HMB1Ch2.pdf","accessNote":"Defines the jati terms used to label note counts. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page; paraphrased.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"NIOS"},{"id":"RAGAJUNGLISM-deshkar","title":"Deshkar | SRGPDS | Hindustani Raga Index | 365+ Ragas","publisher":"George Howlett / Raga Junglism","url":"https://ragajunglism.org/ragas/deshkar/","accessNote":"Robots checked: public /ragas/<name>/ pages allowed; filter-result paths excluded. About page describes open-access noncommercial musicology (C-RAGAJUNGLISM-about.txt); no redistribution licence assumed. Factual fields and short cited paraphrases only. Attributed borrowed material is flagged per statement. Accessed 17 October 2026.","quality":"public-web","shortName":"Raga Junglism"},{"id":"DIVYAMUSIC-knowledge","title":"Music and Dance Knowledge / Information: Hindustani raag profiles","publisher":"Divya Music","url":"https://divyamusic.com/Music-Dance-Knowledge-information-online.html","accessNote":"Music school's raag notes. No open licence: cited and paraphrased only. Accessed 7 October 2026.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"Divya Music"},{"id":"PKV1","title":"Vocal Music syllabus: Prarambhik to Bhushan","publisher":"Pracheen Kala Kendra","url":"https://pracheenkalakendra.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/1_Vocal-Music-Bhushan.pdf","accessNote":"Official examination syllabus. It shows the year a raag is prescribed, not how the raag is sung. Accessed 7 October 2026. Located by printed page.","quality":"institutional","shortName":"PKK"}],"checklist":[{"id":"grammar","label":"Grammar accuracy","description":"Confirm aroha, avaroha, pakad, vadi, samvadi, and swara set."},{"id":"variant","label":"Variant handling","description":"Flag gharana, source, or teaching-profile variants that should not be flattened."},{"id":"learner-focus","label":"Learner focus","description":"Check whether the learner note prevents the most common beginner mistake."},{"id":"confusions","label":"Confusion pairs","description":"Verify related raags and reasons for confusion are pedagogically useful."},{"id":"source-coverage","label":"Source coverage","description":"Decide whether the current source set is enough or needs a better reference."}]}],"comparisonPairs":[{"slug":"bhoopali-vs-deshkar","left":"bhoopali","right":"deshkar","title":"Bhupali vs Deshkar","primaryReason":"AUTRIM gives Bhupali and Deshkar the same basic scale; their treatment differs in note emphasis, register and glides.","reverseReason":"Same tones; Bhupali has slow glides, lower-register elaboration and night time.","sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"bhairavi-vs-asavari","left":"bhairavi","right":"asavari","title":"Bhairavi vs Asavari (komal Re form)","primaryReason":"Komal-Re Asavari shares notes and some movement, but forbids Bhairavi’s additional tones.","reverseReason":"Same scale but different ascent/descent and melodic character.","sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re(komal)","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"pahadi-vs-bhoopali","left":"pahadi","right":"bhoopali","title":"Pahadi vs Bhupali","primaryReason":"The core notes are the same; that does not mean the phrases are shared.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"pahadi-vs-deshkar","left":"pahadi","right":"deshkar","title":"Pahadi vs Deshkar","primaryReason":"Listed as having the same core notes; that does not mean the phrases are shared.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"pilu-vs-kirwani","left":"pilu","right":"kirwani","title":"Pilu vs Kirwani","primaryReason":"The Shuddh Pilu form with komal Ga/Dha and shuddha Re/Ni resembles Kirwani.","reverseReason":"The scale includes hints of Pilu in Ma Pa Ni Sa and ga Re Sa.","sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha(komal)","Ni"],"leftOnly":["Ga","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"shivaranjani-vs-bhoopali","left":"shivaranjani","right":"bhoopali","title":"Shivaranjani vs Bhupali","primaryReason":"The core form differs by using komal Ga.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Pa","Dha"],"leftOnly":["Ga(komal)"],"rightOnly":["Ga"]},{"slug":"kedar-vs-kamod","left":"kedar","right":"kamod","title":"Kedar vs Kamod","primaryReason":"Shares the Ma(tivra) Pa / Sa approach to high Sa.","reverseReason":"Shares Ma(tivra) Pa / Sa, requiring care.","sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"ahir-bhairav-vs-kafi","left":"ahir-bhairav","right":"kafi","title":"Ahir Bhairav vs Kafi","primaryReason":"Komal Ni in the upper half of the scale can suggest Kafi; komal Re and the Dha ni / re turn keep it Ahir Bhairav.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"leftOnly":["Re(komal)","Ga"],"rightOnly":["Re","Ga(komal)"]},{"slug":"ahir-bhairav-vs-khamaj","left":"ahir-bhairav","right":"khamaj","title":"Ahir Bhairav vs Khamaj","primaryReason":"The upper tetrachord can suggest Khamaj; komal Re and characteristic movement distinguish it.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"leftOnly":["Re(komal)"],"rightOnly":["Re","Ni"]},{"slug":"bhimpalasi-vs-patdeep","left":"bhimpalasi","right":"patdeep","title":"Bhimpalasi vs Patdeep","primaryReason":"Related Dhanashri-group raag.","reverseReason":"Similar structure, but Patdeep uses shuddha Ni.","sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha"],"leftOnly":["Ni(komal)"],"rightOnly":["Ni"]},{"slug":"bhimpalasi-vs-pilu","left":"bhimpalasi","right":"pilu","title":"Bhimpalasi vs Pilu","primaryReason":"Related Dhanashri-group raag.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":["Ga","Dha(komal)","Ni"]},{"slug":"bhimpalasi-vs-multani","left":"bhimpalasi","right":"multani","title":"Bhimpalasi vs Multani","primaryReason":"Included in the Dhanashri group despite a different scale.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Ga(komal)","Pa"],"leftOnly":["Re","Ma","Dha","Ni(komal)"],"rightOnly":["Re(komal)","Ma(tivra)","Dha(komal)","Ni"]},{"slug":"kirwani-vs-bageshri","left":"kirwani","right":"bageshri","title":"Kirwani vs Bageshri","primaryReason":"The Mewati interpretation is said to contain Bageshri shades, attributed by Howlett to Aarshin Karande.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa"],"leftOnly":["Dha(komal)","Ni"],"rightOnly":["Dha","Ni(komal)"]},{"slug":"patdeep-vs-pilu","left":"patdeep","right":"pilu","title":"Patdeep vs Pilu","primaryReason":"Without Ga oscillation and a Sa touch on Re, a phrase can suggest Pilu.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga(komal)","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":["Ga","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"]},{"slug":"hamir-vs-kamod","left":"hamir","right":"kamod","title":"Hamir vs Kamod","primaryReason":"Shared concluding phrases can suggest Kamod; Dha emphasis distinguishes Hamir.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Dha","Ni"],"leftOnly":[],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"purvi-vs-bihag","left":"purvi","right":"bihag","title":"Purvi vs Bihag","primaryReason":"Shares Pa Ma(tivra) Ga Ma Ga, with different intonation.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Ga","Ma","Ma(tivra)","Pa","Ni"],"leftOnly":["Re(komal)","Dha(komal)"],"rightOnly":["Re","Dha"]},{"slug":"jaijaivanti-vs-desh","left":"jaijaivanti","right":"desh","title":"Jaijaivanti vs Desh","primaryReason":"Shared turns; komal Ga and Pa / Re preserve Jaijaivanti.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Ma","Pa","Dha","Ni(komal)","Ni"],"leftOnly":["Ga(komal)"],"rightOnly":[]},{"slug":"marwa-vs-malkauns","left":"marwa","right":"malkauns","title":"Marwa vs Malkauns","primaryReason":"If Re is mistaken for the tonic the resulting scale can sound like Malkauns.","reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa"],"leftOnly":["Re(komal)","Ga","Ma(tivra)","Dha","Ni"],"rightOnly":["Ga(komal)","Ma","Dha(komal)","Ni(komal)"]},{"slug":"yaman-vs-bhoopali","left":"yaman","right":"bhoopali","title":"Yaman vs Bhupali","primaryReason":null,"reverseReason":null,"sharedSwaras":["Sa","Re","Ga","Pa","Dha"],"leftOnly":["Ma(tivra)","Ni"],"rightOnly":[]}]}